Textile process and product



Patented May 4, 1937 Camille Dreyfus, New York, N. Y., and William Whitehead, Cumberland, l\Id., assignors to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No'Drawing. -Application' April 17, 1930,

Serial No. 445,202

Claims. (c1. 1s-'-54) filaments containing cellulose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose by the employment of a partial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, whereby the yarns or filaments are rendered more pliable and can therefore be knitted, woven or knotted more readily.

Further objects of our invention will appear from 1 the following detailed description. 2 In manyprocesses of conversion of textileyarns,

- such astwistin winding, knitting or weaving, it

is desirable to apply finishes which soften and lubricate the yarns. In the case of yarns of cellu-. lose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose, such finishes should preferably .be hydroscopic in order to soften such yarns and should also be-oleaginous in order to lubricate the same.

We have found that the partial higher fatty'acid esters of "polyhydric alcohols, that is compounds wherein not all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohols are substituted by the fatty acid radical, produce excellent results, when employed infinishes for such yarns, or are incorporated in the spinning solution from which they are formed. Because of the presence of the unsubstituted hydroxyl group, such compounds are hydroscopic and act. as softening agents for the textile material, and because they are esters of fatty acids, they have lubricating properties.

v Moreover such compounds are miscible in all proportions with fatty acids, the glycerides of such,

, fatty acids, and polyhydric alcohols, and therefore they can be employed in conjunction with these materials as'iinishes and the like.

In accordance with our invention, we employ .partial higher fatty acid esters of 'polyhydricalcohols in the preparation or treatment of textile materials, particularly those containing cellulose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose.

polyhydriqalcoh'ols is intended to include such compounds wherein at least one of the hydi'oxyl groups-of the polyhydric alcohols is unsubstituted. Examples of such esters are glycerine. mono- 55 oleate, 'C:Hii(OH)2C1aH33O2; glycerine dl-oleate,

CaH5(OH)(C1aHa30z)2; ethylene glycol monooleate, diethylene glycol mono-oleate; or other partial -higher fatty acid esters such as the stearate, palmitate or riclnoleate of such poly- "hydric alcohols, provided that there is an un-.-

spun. Thus to a solution of an organic derivative of cellulose in a volatile solvent, an appropriate amount of the fatty acid ester, say, from 2 to 20% of the weight of the derivative of cellulose present, may be added, and such solution be extruded through orifices into an evaporative atmosphere as in dry spinning, or into a precipitating bath, as in wet spinning. v j

The organic derivative of cellulose employed in the textile material may be a. suitable organic ester of cellulose or a cellulose ether. Examples of such cellulose esters are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellui lose butyrate, while examples of cellulose others are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose. 7

As examples of solvents employed in making the spinning solution, the following are given:

I acetone and its mixtures with water and ethyl or methyl alcohol; chloroform and its mixtures with ethyl or methyl alcohol; mixtures of ethylene dichloride and ethyl or methyl alcohol; and mixtures of dichlorethylene with ethyl or methyl alchol. 'I'hese liquids or mixtures of liquids are also solvents for the higher fatty acidpartial esters of polyhydricalcohols employed in this invention.

In another form of our invention, the higher fatty acid partial esters of the polyhydric alcohols may be applied to the yarns, filaments or fabrics after their formation. They may .be applied either alone or in admixture with other materials to the textile material. As they are strong solvents for the polyhydric alcohols themselves, fatty acids and soaps, they may be used in finishes for yarns, which finishes also contain such compounds.

be employed with advantage in the making of printing pastes for application to fabrics in place of oils. Such polyhydric alcohol partial fatty Furthermore they may be applied to I textile materials very readily from aqueous emulsions where finishing is desired of yarns, fabrics The-term partial .higher fatty acid esters of acid esters are miscible with the polyhydric a1- cohols, which are solvents for fugitive dyestufls for cellulose acetate yarns, such as the acid dyes (e. 'g. the sodium salt of sulfonated indigotine). Therefore a finish may be made which contains the partial esters and the fugitive dyestufi dissolved in the polyhydric alcohol, and the same may be applied to cellulose acetate yarn for the purpose of yarn identification. Moreover the partial esters of the polyhydric alcohols have sufilcient solvent power. for such fugitive dye-- stuifs so that solutions of the dyestuff in them alone may be applied to yarn both as a finish and as a fugitive tint.

Yarns, artificial straw or filaments, when prepared or'treated in accordance with this invention, have great pliability as shown by the fact that such yarns may be readily knitted into a fabric containing many stitches per unit length, and artificial bristles, horsehair and straw may be knotted quite tightly and bend quite severely without breaking. Moreover they do not tend to develop appreciable charges of static electricity when manipulated. Fabrics when treated or prepared in accordance with this invention have a very soft handle and improved draping properties.

In order further to illustrate our invention but without being limited thereto, the following specific examples are given.

Example I I A finish is prepared as follows:

Parts by weight Diethylene glycol 50 Glycerine mono-oleate 50 Before used both of these materials are stabilized as to the atmosphere, that is they are permitted to absorb as much moisture as'they can.

The above mixture is applied to an acetonesoluble cellulose acetate yarn, by causing such yarn to pass over wicks, rollers or other suitable devices for applying such mixture, in their transit to a winding machine. The amount of finish applied is 10% of the weight of the yarn. The yarn so treated is more pliable, knits with less distortion and irregularities, takes high twists more smoothly and generally exhibits improved properties from a textile manipulation point of view. Fabrics en greigecomprising this yarn scour oil-free very readily and also wet out rapidly. If instead of employing the above mixture, glycerine mono-oleate alone is applied in amounts of about 10% of the weight of the yarn, similar benefits are obtained.

Example II markable ease, the finish diffusing from the yarn quite readily, even in cold water.

Example III The following spinning solution is prepared Parts by weight Qlycerine mono-oleate The solution is thoroughly mixed and filtered and then is forced through orifices of a spinneret into a warm evaporative atmosphere where the acetone and water are substantially evaporated oil.

The filaments thus formed are twisted to form yarn. The yarn so formed is immediately'ready for textile operations and has the improved properties of the yarn described in the preceding examples. The yarn also has the property of delus- =tering or assuming a subdued lustre, when artificial materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, comprising incorporating a partial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol in said artificial materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose.

2. The process of improving the properties of artificial materials containing cellulose acetate,

comprising incorporating a partial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol in said artificial material containing cellulose acetate.

3. The process of improving the properties of Q artificial materials containing cellulose acetate, comprising incorporating apartial higher fatty acid ester of glycerine in said artificial materials containing cellulose acetate.

4. The process of improving the properties of artificial materials containing cellulose acetate, comprising incorporating glycerine mono-oleate in said artificial materials containing cellulose acetate.

5. The process of improving the properties of textile materials comprising incorporating a par tial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhyd'ric alcohol in said textile materials.

6. The process of improving the properties of textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, comprising incorporating a partial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol in textile material containing organic derivatives of cellulose.

' .7. The process of improving the properties of textile materials containing cellulose acetate comprising incorporating a partial higher fatty 'acid ester-of a polyhydric alcohol'in said textile material containing cellulose acetate.

8. The process of improving the properties of textile materials containing cellulose acetate,

comprising incorporating. a partial higher'fatty acid ester of glycerine in said textile material containing cellulose acetate. 1

9. The process of improving the properties of textile materials containing cellulose acetate, comprising incorporating glycerine mono-oleate in said textile materials containing cellulose acetate.

10. Process of forming artificial materials comprising shaping a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose and a partial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol and setting the same into solid form.

11. Process of forming artificial materials comprising shaping a solution containing cellulose 75- vated temperatures.

acetate and a partial higher fatty acid ester'of a polyhyd'ric alcohol and setting'the same into.

solid form. a

12. Process of forming artificial filaments oomprising'extrudlng' a solution containing cellulose acetateand glycerine mono-oleate into a setting v medium. 4

13. Process of forming a textile material of re- I duced lustre comprising subjecting organic cle- 10 rivative oi cellulose textile material containing a partial higher fatty acid esterof a polyhydric alcohol to the action of an aqueous fluid at ele- 14. Process of forming a textile material of retate textile material containing a partial higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol to the action of an aqueous fluid at elevated temperatures.

higher fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol.

16. Artificial materials containing organic de-' 15. Textile materials containing -a partial rivatives of cellulose anda partial higher fatty u 15 duced lustre comprising subjecting cellulose aceacid ester of a polyhydric alcohol.

17. Artificial materials containing cellulose acetate and a partial higher fatty acid ester of a 

